{"id":94,"date":"2022-04-29T12:46:27","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T16:46:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/?p=94"},"modified":"2022-04-29T12:46:27","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T16:46:27","slug":"i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/","title":{"rendered":"‘I Think’ versus ‘I Feel’: Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Carlie A. Merriweather<\/strong><\/p>\n

In this direct replication of Holtgraves\u2019 Experiment 4, I examine how affective and cognitive
\nverbs elicit different patterns of responses about self-esteem based on the respondent\u2019s
\ngender. Participants (N = 2146) responded to one of two versions of a widely
\nused self-esteem scale, one with either \u2018feel\u2019 (e.g. \u201cI feel\u2026\u201d) or \u2018think\u2019 (e.g. \u201cI think\u2026\u201d)
\nprompts and reported their level of emotionality. Consistent with predictions, results
\nshowed greater emotionality for females than males, no effect of verb type on emotionality,
\nand an association between greater emotionality and lower self- esteem. Contrary
\nto predictions, results showed a higher self-esteem for females and for the \u2018think\u2019
\ngroup. Importantly, Holtgraves\u2019 key Gender x Verb interactions failed to replicate. Further
\nresearch is needed to examine how disparities in sample size, gender, and age affect
\nboth replication and reported levels of self-esteem and emotionality. Ultimately,
\nthe research reiterates the importance of replication and demonstrates the subtle influence
\nof language on the psychological processes underlying self-report responses.<\/p>\n

Keywords: emotion, cognition, self-esteem, gender differences, prompt wording<\/p>\n

Link to full article:<\/strong> Merriweather (2022)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Carlie A. Merriweather In this direct replication of Holtgraves\u2019 Experiment 4, I examine how affective and cognitive verbs elicit different patterns of responses about self-esteem based on the respondent\u2019s gender. Participants (N = 2146) responded to one of two versions of a widely used self-esteem scale, one with either \u2018feel\u2019 (e.g. \u201cI feel\u2026\u201d) or \u2018think\u2019 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":991,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n'I Think' versus 'I Feel': Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem - Psyche<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"'I Think' versus 'I Feel': Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem - Psyche\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Carlie A. Merriweather In this direct replication of Holtgraves\u2019 Experiment 4, I examine how affective and cognitive verbs elicit different patterns of responses about self-esteem based on the respondent\u2019s gender. Participants (N = 2146) responded to one of two versions of a widely used self-esteem scale, one with either \u2018feel\u2019 (e.g. \u201cI feel\u2026\u201d) or \u2018think\u2019 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Psyche\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-29T16:46:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"smali3\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"smali3\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/29\\\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/29\\\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"smali3\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3b95f119a7244255a7093a9bf4084419\"},\"headline\":\"‘I Think’ versus ‘I Feel’: Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-29T16:46:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/29\\\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":192,\"commentCount\":0,\"articleSection\":[\"Psyche Volume 1, Issue 1\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/29\\\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/29\\\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/29\\\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\\\/\",\"name\":\"'I Think' versus 'I Feel': Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem - Psyche\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-29T16:46:27+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3b95f119a7244255a7093a9bf4084419\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/29\\\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/29\\\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/29\\\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"‘I Think’ versus ‘I Feel’: Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/\",\"name\":\"Psyche\",\"description\":\"Undergraduate Research Journal\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3b95f119a7244255a7093a9bf4084419\",\"name\":\"smali3\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/076fd15e89932f6f0a9847fb426bdf45d6021c065c1669e3c56e278171e2cae9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/076fd15e89932f6f0a9847fb426bdf45d6021c065c1669e3c56e278171e2cae9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/076fd15e89932f6f0a9847fb426bdf45d6021c065c1669e3c56e278171e2cae9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"smali3\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.bsu.edu\\\/psychejournal\\\/author\\\/smali3\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"'I Think' versus 'I Feel': Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem - Psyche","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"'I Think' versus 'I Feel': Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem - Psyche","og_description":"Carlie A. Merriweather In this direct replication of Holtgraves\u2019 Experiment 4, I examine how affective and cognitive verbs elicit different patterns of responses about self-esteem based on the respondent\u2019s gender. Participants (N = 2146) responded to one of two versions of a widely used self-esteem scale, one with either \u2018feel\u2019 (e.g. \u201cI feel\u2026\u201d) or \u2018think\u2019 […]","og_url":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/","og_site_name":"Psyche","article_published_time":"2022-04-29T16:46:27+00:00","author":"smali3","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"smali3","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/"},"author":{"name":"smali3","@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/#\/schema\/person\/3b95f119a7244255a7093a9bf4084419"},"headline":"‘I Think’ versus ‘I Feel’: Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem","datePublished":"2022-04-29T16:46:27+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/"},"wordCount":192,"commentCount":0,"articleSection":["Psyche Volume 1, Issue 1"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/","url":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/","name":"'I Think' versus 'I Feel': Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem - Psyche","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-04-29T16:46:27+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/#\/schema\/person\/3b95f119a7244255a7093a9bf4084419"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/2022\/04\/29\/i-think-versus-i-feel-subtleties-in-language-as-a-function-of-gender-self-esteem\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"‘I Think’ versus ‘I Feel’: Subtleties in Language as a Function of Gender & Self-Esteem"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/","name":"Psyche","description":"Undergraduate Research Journal","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/#\/schema\/person\/3b95f119a7244255a7093a9bf4084419","name":"smali3","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/076fd15e89932f6f0a9847fb426bdf45d6021c065c1669e3c56e278171e2cae9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/076fd15e89932f6f0a9847fb426bdf45d6021c065c1669e3c56e278171e2cae9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/076fd15e89932f6f0a9847fb426bdf45d6021c065c1669e3c56e278171e2cae9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"smali3"},"url":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/author\/smali3\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/991"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bsu.edu\/psychejournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}